The Khalifatullah in Shia Belief
By Dr. Farhan Husain Zaidi
“Does Man Think He is To Be Left Aimless”
The Khalifatullah is Allah’s representative on Earth. His existence is a
consequence of the Mercy of Allah to mankind. It is a component of the
Shia creed to believe in the Justice of Allah. Thus Allah acts with
justice, and in this capacity He who is most Just and has commanded
mankind to address Him as the Most Merciful has ordained that man will be
guided by His rightful authority on Earth, the Khalifatullah appointed by
Allah for else man would deviate from the right path. He who is most
Beneficient states in Sura 75, verse 36:
“Does man think that he is to be left aimless.”
The context of this ayat and its grammatical sense render the above
translation as the most appropriate.
In man’s examination in this world, and in his quest for seeking
closeness to the Reality of Allah, it is the Khalifatullah who guides man
to Allah. Though Allah is closer to his slave than his jugular vein and
the relationship between Allah and his creations is also direct, the
Khalifatullah can bring the slave closer to Allah and to the path
ordained by Allah, both as a guide as well as an intercessor. The
Khalifatullah thus represents Allah’s authority on Earth and guides man
to the straight path, the sirat al-mustaqim of Sura al Hamdh, the only
Sura compulsorily recited in the obligatory prayer. He is the Imam,
another word that also denotes a man of authority among men, a title that
as used by the Shia incorporates the role of the Khalifatullah. This
authority is comprehensive, for Allah has authority over all aspects of
our lives. The existence of the Khalifatullah or the Imam is thus
rational for those who believe that Allah is Just and is Merciful. His
existence can be sensed from the intellectual reasoning of even those
opposed to the Shia path and who do not believe that Allah appoints the
Khalifa, Abul A’la Mawdoodi writing that “Khalifa, viceregent, is one who
exercises the delegated powers on behalf of the supreme authority...”
The doctrine of the Khalifatullah or the Imam may also be arrived at from
a study of the Qur’an and the authentic traditions of the Holy Prophet
(saws). These commands are very clear and the Ithna Ashari Shia, one of
the major schools of Islam, are the only major school of thought in Islam
to incorporate the doctrine of the Khalifatullah as one of its beliefs.
It is a great shame that so many of our fellow muslims do not ponder over
the implications of these very direct commands from Allah and His Prophet
(saws) to mankind. Since the number of these commands are very many, not
all can be quoted in this short discussion, and instead certain key
commands shall be mentioned in order to show how throughout the history
of mankind Allah has been Merciful and has blessed every living creation
with the existence of His sign and the divinely appointed guide to the
straight path, the Khalifatullah.
The Qur’an states very directly that the Khalifa is appointed by Allah
and not by man, for Allah states Himself in Sura Noor, verse 55, that:
“Allah has promised those of you who believe and do good deeds that He
will certainly appoint them Khalifas as he appointed Khalifas those
before him.”
Many copies of the Qur’an compiled in English by translators who do not
follow the Khalifas appointed by Allah will specifically use an
alternative word to describe the word Khalifa in this context, when there
is no grammatical justification for this, for the Arabic states Khalifa
and this word is readily translated into English as khalifa or caliph, an
English word.
Thus the enquirer should first read the original Arabic that Allah
addresses mankind with when He issues His binding commands in all such
examples. Those who wish to detract from the concept that it is Allah who
appoints the Khalifa, which is a concept of the Shia, may also say that
the Khalifatullah here means all men.
However it refers to specific individuals, and not even to most of the
friends of Allah as is then argued by some, for there are many such men
who have not been specifically appointed to the position of authority
that the Khalifa holds, for Allah in this ayat appoints certain men to
the position of authority of the Khalifa of Allah.
Further, the ordinary friends of Allah have on the whole instead gained
spiritual closeness to Allah by comprehending His Reality, with no
authority or directive from Allah to command others, so it cannot be any
but a very special group of men that is being referred to as the Khalifas
appointed by Allah. Additionally, when Allah mentions examples of these
Khalifatullahs in the Qur’an he refers by name to those individuals who
the Shia hold to be Imams who preceded the Holy Prophet (saws), as we
shall see.
Furthermore, Allah states in the above Sura that He will appoint those
who have faith and do good deeds to the position of the Khalifatullah,
the hallmark of faith being patience, as shall be proved later, and these
virtues are exemplified by the Twelve Imams of the Shia to the extent
that they alone fulfilled the requirements to be the Khalifas of Allah
from all men of their age. This view is supported by Sura 32, Ayat 20,
“And We made of them Imams to guide Our command when they were
patient, and they were certain of Our communications.”
The role of the Khalifatullah is guidance to the sirat al mustaqim, and
in every age, for every moment of time, there exists the divine guide,
for Allah states in Sura 13, verse 7 that:
“And there is a guide for every people.”
This guidance is different to Prophethood, for the Prophethood has ended,
and the ayat specifies that the guide is living, guiding to the way of
the Prophets, whereas with Prophethood Allah uses the past tense which is
not the case with the guide, as in Sura 35, verse 24, where the Prophets
are spoken of,
“There is not a nation but a warner has passed among them.”
And Allah reinforces that every person will be gathered before his Imam
in Sura Bani Israil, verse 71:
“Remember the Day when we will summon every people with their Imam.”
The Imam is thus living, and the people of that time will be summoned
before him in the hereafter. Since the death of the Holy Prophet Mohammad
(saws) there have been no prophets nor shall there be any. Yet Imamat
continues, as it has continued since Adam (as) the first Imam such that
should there be left two men on Earth one would be the Imam, such is the
powerful Justice and Mercy of Allah. At this point it is possible to
become confused, so there is need for some clarification of what it is
that we will speak of.
| |
| I have heard your
prayer for Ishmael. I have blessed him and will make him fruitful. I
will multiply his descendants; he shall be the father of twelve
princes; and I will raise a great nation from him. |
| |
| Genesis:
17,19-20, New English Bible |
|
Imamat and Prophethood are 2 offices. Both can be held by the same
individual. Mohammad (saws) was a Prophet and an Imam, for he combined
the power of revelation linked to Prophethood with the attribute of
authority over mankind as its guide linked, which was that aspect of his
role that was closely linked to Imamat. Indeed all of the handful of
prophets who came with Books, the Rasools, who thus held authority over
all mankind and not only a family, tribe or nation as many Prophets did,
were also by defintion Imams. Mohammad (saws) was in fact the Seal of
Prophets, and also the greatest Imam. Thus when we speak of Twelve Imams
it is out of regard for the Seal of Prophets (saws) that we speak of the
Twelve Imams who succeeded him as the Khalifatullahs, guiding to his
purified and exalted way. The fact that Prophethood and Imamat are two
different offices that can be merged into one shall be proved shortly
with the example of Ibrahim Khalilullah (as).
The next question that must be asked is where the Khalifatullahs are
found. Allah himself provides the answer most directly. Since Imamat is a
consequence of Allah’s Mercy and Justice, it is obvious that the first
Khalifatullah would be the first man in material Creation, just as the
last Khalifatullah would be the last man living in material Creation,
which is also a belief of the Shia. Thus we read in Sura 2, verse 30,
that after creating Adam (as), Allah told his angels
“Verily I intend to appoint a Khalifa in the earth.”
It is the belief of the Shia, and one that is referred to in various
Sunni accounts including the history of Masudi, that this authority over
mankind as the Khalifa of Allah or the Imam passed in a specific lineage
down through purified sons of Adam (as) beginning with Seth (as) to Noah
(as).
There is not space in this discussion to list all these Imams, save those
noted in the Qur’an by the title of Khalifa. From Noah (as), it passed
through his descendants, the best in each age according to the criteria
of Sura Noor, verse 55, being the Imam of that age or the Khalifatullah,
thus reaching Ibrahim Khalilullah (as). These divine guides throughout
all these ages illuminated the people of their time for Allah is Just and
would not let his creation who was born innocent wander aimlessly, as is
testified to by the Qur’anic verse quoted in the title of this article.
Many of these Khalifatullahs were also wronged greatly by the people, an
action that greatly angered Allah and for which Allah would punish them
by removing the Imam from them and giving His favour to another people.
And it is here, with Ibrahim Khalilullah (as) that a great juncture is
arrived at in the history of the Khalifatullah.
In Sura Al Baqara, verse 124, Allah says that after He tested Ibrahim
Khalilullah (as), ultimately with the offering of his own son Ishamel
(as) as a sacrifice,
“I appoint you the Imam of mankind. Ibrahim requested that the
leadership be inherited by his descendants. Allah repied, “I do not
promise leadership to those (of them) who are arrogant, hardhearted,
unjust and greedy.”
Thus the Khalifatullah must be, as testified to in Sura Noor, 55, a man
of faith and good actions, and not any from amongst the descendants of
Ibrahim (as)’s 2 sons Ishmael (as) and Ishaq (as), only those who
fulfilled these qualities.
In Sura Nahl, verses 120-121, Allah affirms the Imamat of Ibrahim
Khalilullah again,
“Verily Ibrahim was an Imam… He (Allah) chose him and He guided him
towards the right path.”
And Allah states that He saved the offering of Ishmael (as), replacing
him with an animal, for the greatest sacrifice, which was that of the
greatest Imam, Mohammad (saws) in his giving his family, ultimately on
the battlefield of Karbala.
Referring to one of the most powerful of the Khalifatullahs from the
lineage of Ishaq (as), Allah states in Sura 38, verse 26,
“O Dawud, verily we have you a Khalifa in the Earth.”
And with the great khalifatullah Musa (as), also from the lineage of
Ishaq (as), Allah states in Sura 7, verse 142,
“…and Musa said to his brother Haroon: take my place (as Khalifa –
ukhlufni) among the people.”
| |
| “The affairs of the
people will continue to be conducted as long as they are governed by
12 men, he than added from Quraysh.” |
| |
| Sahih
Muslim, Hadith number 4478, English translation by Abdul Hamid
Siddiqui |
|
But the Bani Israil, the lineage of Ibrahim (as) via Ishaq (as),
despite many warnings from their Lord, swerved from the sirat al mustaqim
despite the blessings of so many Imams among them. For example, no sooner
had Musa (as) left his people than they started worshipping idols as they
had done so before, and reverted to their former ways. Then after many
Khalifatullahs Allah sent Isa Ibn Mariam (as), whose teachings were
briefly maintained in a pure form by men such as his loyal disciple Simon
(as) who was also his inheritor. Then when the people deviated from the
sirat al mustaqim once again, after having received the blessing of Isa
ibn Mariam (as), Allah withdrew his support of the Bani Israel and the
Christians, and took the lineage of Imamat from them and gave it to the
lineage from Ibrahim Khalilullah’s son Ishmael, the father of the Arabs.
The Holy Prophet Mohammad (saws) was born from the lineage of Ishmael
from pure ancestors. His father’s name was Abdullah (as), meaning slave
of Allah, and he was of the tribe of Hashim, who were noble people from
the Quraysh. It was into this lineage that Allah affirmed the covenant of
Imamat, though gave it to the good among them, as in Al Baqara, verse
124. It was here that the Holy Prophet (saws)’s noble uncle Abu Talib
(as) had a son called Ali (as) who was, like his cousin Mohammad (saws),
also of this lineage, and who would be the inheritor of the Holy Prophet
(saws) and of the covenant of Imamat, which would fuse through the
marriage of Ali (as) to Fatima (sa) the only daughter of Mohammad (saws)
to produce a lineage of 12 Holy Imams with Ali (as) the first and the
rest the descendants of the Holy Prophet (saws) and Imam Ali (as). The
Shia are those who follow these Khalifas of Allah and are guided to the
way of the Seal of Prophets through them.
As for the Imamat of the Holy Prophet (saws), it permeates the substance
of the Qur’an. Specifically, in Sura al Ahzab, verse 6 it is stated
“The Prophet has authority (awla) over you more than your own selves.”
And it is authority over men that is the role of the Khalifatullah, the
Imam. It was only those Prophets who were also exalted to the level of
Imamat that brought Books with authority over mankind and with messages
that were not only for their own family, tribe or nation like the
messages of many prophets, but came additionally with the authority of
the Khalifatullah that made them the leaders of mankind with authority
over mankind.
Those that came for the world were by definition Imams and the Khalifas
of Allah. And they were all of this lineage. This is why the Qur’an
speaks directly of the prophets of Banu Israel and not of those of China
or India, for it was these prophets, many of them, that were also the
Imams of their time and were thus of significance to humanity as a whole.
Thus the Qur’an, which is a guidance to all mankind and has authority
over all mankind, notes them.
Why Allah chose this lineage was because they produced men that were
capable of fulfilling the requirements of the covenant of Imamat, faith
and good actions. It is also be seen that this lineage comes from the
place from where all the races of mankind originated from – the Middle
East – where lie buried so many of these Khalifas of Allah, from the
first Adam (as) to Imam Hasan Al Askari (as), the Eleventh Imam of the
Shia and the father of the present Imam (as).
And it was using the example of one of these prophets who was also an
Imam that Mohammad (saws) said many times in his life, as recorded in the
Sahih of Bukhari as the last Hadith listed under the section on the
virtues of Ali Ibn Abu Talib (as),
“Ali is to me like Haroon was to Musa.”
Haroon (as) was Musa (as)’s Brother (19:53), Vizier (20:29-36) and in his
absence the Khalifa (7:142). And thus so was Ali (as).
It was on the day of Ghadhir, shortly before his own departure from this
world, that the Holy Prophet drew on the words denoting his own authority
as the Khalifa of Allah mentioned above in Sura Al Ahzab, verse 6, in the
form of asking the believers “Do I have more right over the believers
than they have over themselves?, and when the people cried “Yes O
Messenger of Allah” he transferred that authority to Ali (as), with the
words
“Of whomsoever I am his Mawla, Ali is his Mawla (master).”
Of which there are numerous references, for example Sahih Tirmidhi, Vol.
2, page 298. Allah speaks only of Himself, Mohammad (saws) and Ali (as),
the believer who offered his ring in charity while he was in prayer, in
5:55,
“Only Allah is your Wali and His Messenger and those who believe,
those who keep up prayers and pay the poor rate while they bow down.”
It was Ali (as) who was by the command of Allah in Sura Al Insheraah
(94), verses 7-8, appointed to the khilafat, “When you finish appoint and
return to your Lord.” Note that the word rendered as appoint is one of
two meanings of the word funsub, the other, which means to work harder,
being irreconcilable with the sense of this verse which at that point in
the command deals with what to do after finishing all work and effort (as
denoted by the word faraghtha in the Arabic). Here Allah appoints Ali
(as) as the Khalifatullah.
There is no mention of men being given the authority to appoint the
Khalifa in the Qur’an, only abundant, clear and direct evidence for it
being Allah, and this position was given to Ali (as). This fact in itself
negates the lawfulness of the khilafat of Hadrath Abu Bakr, even taking
aside the historical, rational and traditional context which is similarly
opposed to his position.
And after Ali (as), Al Hasan (as) and Al Husain (as), the products of the
union of the line of Mohammad (saws) with Ali (as), both themselves in
the line of Ishmael (as), who would transfer the Mercy of their
grandfather the Holy Prophet (saws) to mankind in their noble sacrifices,
are thus extolled as the twofold blessing in Sura Al Hadid, Verse 28,
another verse that when translated in its proper grammatical sense reads:
“O believers, fear Allah and have faith in His Prophet. And you will
receive a twofold blessing, and a light (noor) will be appointed for you
which will guide you and by which you shall receive blessings.”
It is here in the Ahl-ul-Bait, the purified and specified members of the
family of the Holy Prophet, that the lineage of the Khalifatullah
continues. Of the Ahl-ul-Bait Allah says in Surah 42, verse 23,
“Say (O Mohammad): I do not ask of you a wage for this except love of
my kinsfolk.”
It is of them that the Holy Prophet (saws) said, drawing an analogy with
a Khalifatullah of a previous age, “The example of my Ahl-ul-Bait among
you is like the example of Noah’s ark. Whoever boards it will attain
salvation, whoever fails to do so will drown”, as recounted in Mustadrak
al Hakim, volume 3, page 151.
It is this guidance that is the light of Imamat for the believer, who
becomes locked in the bond of wilayat to the Imam of his time who guides
him to the sirat al mustaqim. In the obligatory prayer, the centre of
daily worship, the believer who submits himself before Allah must
compulsorily recite Sura Al Hamdh, wherein the slave beseeches Allah to
guide him to the sirat al mustaqim. The believer’s prayer is not accepted
unless he invokes blessings on the Holy Prophet and his Ahl-ul-Bait in
more than one place in the daily salat.
And in one of the most commonly recited Suras in daily prayer, that of Al
Kauthar, the lineage of the Holy Prophet is extolled by Allah and
compared in its constancy with the fountain of Al Kauthar in Paradise.
This verse was revealed in condemnation of a man who had taunted the Holy
Prophet (saws) saying that as Mohammad (saws) had no son who survived
him, and only his daughter Fatima (sa), his lineage would end.
Thus Allah elevated the lineage of the Holy Prophet through his daughter
Fatima (sa) in this Sura, stating that it is as longlasting as Al Kauthar,
and condemned the critic’s beliefs. This is the depth of love and
dedication to the lineage of Imamat that Allah commands man to glorify
Him with through their existence in the daily prayer.
It is the 12 Imams who the Bible foretells will be men of authority from
the lineage of Ishmael (as), and that traditions of Sunni Islam testify
to in the numerous Hadith wherein the Holy Prophet (saws) spoke of the 12
Khalifas all from Quraysh who would succeed him till the affairs of the
people would end. Thus the Bible reads,
“I have heard your prayer for Ishmael. I have blessed him and will
make him fruitful. I will multiply his descendants; he shall be the
father of twelve princes; and I will raise a great nation from him.”
Neither are these 12 princes the 12 founders of the 12 tribes of Israel,
for they were from Ishmael (as)’s brother Ishaq (as), nor were they the
12 Arabs mentioned later on in the Bible, for they were not men of
authority in the way of princes. They are the 12 Khalifas of Allah that
followed the Holy Prophet (saws), after whom the Ithna Ashari Shia, or
Twelver Shia, are named, and whose names adorn the Mosque of their father
the Holy Prophet (saws) in Madina to this day. Thus Sahih Muslim reads,
“The affairs of the people will continue to be conducted as long as
they are governed by 12 men, he than added from Quraysh.”
This tradition is also found in the Sahih of Bukhari. In Mishkat Al
Masabih, Vol. 4, page 576, Hadith 5, the word Khalifa is used to describe
these 12 men of authority from Quraysh, the group of tribes which
included that of the Holy Prophet (as) and Imam Ali (as). Indeed the
prominent Sunni mufti of Istanbul, Sheikh Sulayman Qundoozi, proved in
his acclaimed work Yannabi al Muwaddat, that the Hadith refers to the 12
Imams of the Shia.
These are some of the commandments that exist regarding the Khalifatullah,
and there are many more direct injunctions such as these. Others exist
more subtly, even in the world around us. Allah states that the Sun and
Moon are signs for mankind. The Imam is also a Sign of Allah, though in
human form, the Hujjatullah.
In the light of the knowledge made popularly available from modern
astronomy it is now known that the Sun, even after it sets, continues to
illuminate those parts of the Earth on which it has set, for the light of
the Sun is reflected by the Moon such that mankind is not left in
darkness.
And thus the analogy with the Hujjatullahs becomes manifestly clear, for
the Holy Prophet (saws) departed this earthly existence in the manner of
the Sun setting, yet as Allah decrees mankind will not be left aimless
and in the dark, guidance to the sirat al mustaqim continued in the form
of the lineage of Twelve Imams, who function as the enduring Mercy of the
Holy Prophet to mankind, reflecting his light as the Moon reflects the
light of the Sun when it sets. And when one contemplates that in this
lineage each Imam was succeeded by another, one discerns the obvious in
the physical world around us, that which we knew all our lives as muslims,
but did not ponder in more depth - the Moon’s trajectory forms 12 lunar
months, one signifying each Imam and Khalifatullah, each Sign of Allah.
And on the Moon one will find the the name of the First, the direct link
to the Holy Prophet and the reliever of burdens, Ali (as), having his
name carved on its surface, while the guidance of the Twelfth is
vouchsafed for by the fact that the Moon continues to illuminate the
Earth as Imam Mahdi (as) shines his light on the Earth.
And when the Moon is hidden by a cloud, to quote a popular analogy, it
still reflects the light of the Sun it trapped and guides mankind, as
does the Twelfth Imam (as) in his concealment. When on the 14th of the
lunar month the full moon is seen and the Moon is most brilliant, one
realises that it is the 14 infallibles, Mohammad (saws), Fatima (sa) and
the 12 Imams, in whose honour the full moon of the 14th night was created
by Allah.
In the Hadith of Kisa, transmitted from Fatima Zahra (sa) through a chain
involving Jabir bin Abdullah Ansari, Allah swears that He created the
erected Sky, the expanse of the Earth, the illuminated Moon (illuminated
by the brightness of the Sun), the bright Sun, the rotating Universe, the
flowing seas and the sailing ships (the winds and the tides) for the love
of the Mine of Prophethood and his household - his daughter Fatima (sa),
her husband Ali (as) and her sons Hasan (as) and Husain (as).
This Hadith was transmitted on the occasion of the revelation of the
Verse of Purity, 33:33, which grammatically excludes the wives of the
Holy Prophet,
“Verily Allah desires to remove all impurity (rijs) from you (O people
of the Household), and purify you with a perfect purification.”
What Allah desires surely happens. The great Sunni commentator Al-Suyuti,
quoting Sahih Al Tirmidhi, in Tafsir Al-Durr Al-Manthur, Vol.5 pages
605-606, under the commentary of this Verse, writes that then the
Messenger of Allah said “Thus me and my Ahl-ul-Bait are clear from sins.”
This purity makes Ahl-ul-Bait fit for the honour of Imamat, to be Allah’s
Khalifas on Earth, promised only to those who, being pure, believe and do
good actions as stated in Sura Noor, verse 55.
It is of Ahl-ul-Bait that Allah says in 4:59,
“O ye who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Apostle and those vested
with authority from among you.”
The renowned Sunni commentator Fakhr-ud-Din Razi concludes in Tafsiru’l
Kabir, Vol. 10, page 144, that those in authority in this verse must be
ma’sum or infallible. The verse of purity makes Ahl-ul-Bait infallible.
They are the Khalifas of Allah, as testified by the Holy Prophet (saws)
“I am leaving among you two khalifas, the Qur’an and my Ahl-ul-bait,
they will never become separate until they meet me at the pool.”
Hadith-e-Thaqalayn, the Two Weighty Things, as recorded by Al Suyuti in
Tafsir Durre Manthur, Vol. 2, page 60.
Even the distorting magnifying glass of the most bigoted Sunni
traditionists have deemed that the reference to the Qur’an and
Ahl-ul-Bait as the sources of guidance after the Holy Prophet (saws) and
proclaimed as such by him is mutawattir or undeniable by the Sunni
schools, as is the Hadith of Ghadhir wherein Ali (as) was declared the
Mawla of the believers by the Holy Prophet. Thus even by the rules of the
toughest muhadhithin, amongst the stingy number of just over 30 Hadith
that they classify as mutawattir, two refer to Ahl-ul-Bait in a capacity
of extreme love and as sources of guidance, despite the fact that these
muhadhithin are not those who take their traditions from Ahl-ul-Bait to
any great extent and follow instead the khalifas appointed by man.
Yet it was a repeating tragedy in the lives of many Khalifas of Allah,
and even the Holy Prophet and his wasi Imam Ali (as), that they were
betrayed and persecuted. Their patience in the face of injustice is
marvelled at, and it is patience with which Allah tests the best of his
slaves with, and makes them His Khalifas on Earth, His Imams and His
Guides. As quoted earlier on, in 32:20 Allah states that patience is a
requirement for the covenant of Imamat. And here in Al Baqara, verses
155-156 we learn that those who show great patience are the Guides,
“I will certainly test you with fear of enemies, deprivation of food
and water, loss of possessions, loss of your life, and loss of your
children. O prophet give good tidings to those who have (such) patience.
They are those who say (when afflicted as such) from Allah we come and to
Allah we return. And they have blessings from their Lord, and His Mercy
upon them, and these are the guides.”
There is no doubt that these criteria for the testing of a man’s patience
were met on the battlefield of Karbala when Imam Husain (as), starved of
water and material possessions, offered his sons in sacrifice before
Allah. Thus there are some who reject the Khalifas of Allah who will
therefore translate the last sentence of this ayat to make it appear that
Allah is saying those who have been tested thus will then be guided to
the right path, when of course the fact is that the ayat makes it clear
they were on the right path already for they turned to Allah in their
patience, and were thus rewarded by being made the guides, the Imams, the
Khalifas of Allah, to guide others.
This was the sacrifice of Ibrahim (as) in offering his son Ishmael (as)
and whereby according to whence he became the Imam of his Time according
to Al Baqara, verse 124, and the Khalifatullah and ruler of mankind. This
was the patience of Imam Ali (as), and of Fatima (sa) in their suffering
from the usurpation of their rights by the early khalifas of men.
This patience culminated on the battlefield of Karbala where Mohammad
(saws), the greatest Imam offered his sons and his family, outdoing even
Ibrahim Khalilullah (as) in his patience, his grandsons martyred and
their sons martyred in a genocide of the Ahl-ul-Bait over years, that
family of whom the Holy Prophet (saws) said that he asked of no wage for
his efforts in guiding mankind to the sirat al mustaqim save love of
them. Surely the Imams of the Shia all fulfilled the requirements of
faith and good actions prescribed by Allah and shown in the purity of
their submission to Him in their patience, for they are His Khalifas on
Earth. Can humanity be rightfully governed by the khalifas appointed by
men when there are those who are infallible among mankind. Indeed it was
often the khalifas of men who murdered the Khalifas of Allah, the Imams
of the Shia, and perpetrated their genocide.
This is the nature of the being entrusted with the covenant of Imamat.
The Khalifas of Allah are those who Allah states above in Sura Noor,
Verse 55, those who believe and do good deeds. They are not ordinary men
as the commentaries of the majority state. They are such men who embody
the pinnacle of belief in the conduct of their lives – thus combining
faith with good actions - patience and thanks to Allah in the face of
adversity, the requirement for Imamat in 32:20. On the Day of Karbala,
lifting the bodies of his sons, Imam Husain thanked his Lord and said
“From Allah we come and to Allah we return” in accordance with the
criteria of great patience and submission to Allah in Al Baqara, 155-156.
Imamat is a covenant between the Khalifa of Allah and Allah. Its test is
patience, as proved by the mechanism whereby Ibrahim khalilullah was
given the Imamat.
This patience was shown by our Imams, all eleven who preceded the Imam of
our Time being cruelly martyred, while the Twelfth Imam (as) himself has
been in concealment for over 1,100 years. Yet there are those who have
the audacity and lack of comprehension to state after considering the
facts that the Imamat the Shia believe in his a monarchy. It is a
covenant between Allah and man given to the best of men. It is no
monarchy.
Rather, it was the system our opponents espouse that was monarchy, the
khilafat of man, a system that ensnared men in an illegitimate ruling
system which was for almost 1,000 years was drawn rank and file from
members of the clans of the Quraysh, members of 4 tribes that were all
originally related, all appointed by men and none democratically save
Imam Ali and Imam Hasan whose popularity shone on account of their doing
of good deeds and their faith. The khilafat of man was monarchy. That is
indisputable. Our opponents are not simply bigots, they are also
hypocrites. They are bigots to the degree that when one reads so many of
the ayats of the Qur’an quoted here, even where the word Imam or Khalifa
is used by Allah, they shall seek to mistranslate it to another word, for
they are scared of the truth. And they lead the well-meaning muslim
majority along that pathway to the degree that when that system of man’s
khilafat ended in 1924 they wept and want to recreate it when it had no
basis in Divine Law. And they do so while the real Imam, the
Khalifatullah, he whose position is enshrined in the Divine Law, is
amongst them in our dimension, guiding us to the sirat al mustaqim.
Despite this there are many muslims who believe that they are aimless and
instead of seeking the Khalifa appointed by Allah wish to recreate the
khilafat of man for they say they have no imam. We say Allah will not
leave us aimless, for he has promised not to do so, as quoted in the
title of this discussion. And He has commanded us to find our Imam, the
one He has appointed, and we will be gathered behind him on the Day of
Judgment, for as already noted Allah has sworn this. Who will those who
followed the khalifa of man be gathered behind now that their system has
ended?
The Mercy that Mohammad (saws) is still flows during the period of the
ghaibat of the Twefth Imam (as), who is the Imam of this Time. The long
life of Imam Mohammad Mahdi (as), the present Khalifatullah, is in its
totality for a reason known to Allah. However this pattern has been seen
before in the history of the Khalifatullah and is thus not surprising to
those who open their eyes. For example, the Khalifas of Allah, Noah (as)
and Ibrahim (as) to name but two from many were given miraculously long
lives, and it is within the Power of Allah to prevent ageing also, as
with the companions of the cave and their dog mentioned in the Qur’an.
And indeed, many Imams were relatively quiescent, such as the noble
ancestors of the Holy Prophet (as), or even Musa (as) for many years of
his life till Allah ordered him to rise and to destroy the kuffar system
of Fir’on. And indeed even the greatest Imam and Khalifatullah, Mohammad
(saws) himself, though manifest to many was latent to others who were
also guided by him during his own lifetime and beyond through their
association with his successor Ali (as).
Did ever Oways Kerni (ra) the famed contemporary of the Holy Prophet
(saws) who punched his own teeth out when he heard of the news of the
Holy Prophet losing a tooth in jihad ever see Mohammad (saws)? Yet he is
acclaimed as a great companion and an exemplar of the teachings of the
Holy Prophet (saws). The Imam guides through inspiration and through
directly influencing the great men of influence over the Ummah and when
any sincere believer seeks him he hears and replies to their pleas. Can
people not see that our Imams compiled and preserved the Qur’an, the Word
of Allah, from the moment the Revelation by the Holy Prophet (saws)
finished and Imam Ali set about this task. While the majority who
followed the innovation of the khilafat of man did not have a Qur’an till
the time of the 3rd khalifa of man.
Can they not see that in over 1,100 years of the ghaibat of the Twefth
Imam (as) his kindness and his power have influenced the Ithna Ashari
Shia to practice a religion that is considerably less divided and is
united on all core issues ranging from the concept of Allah to the
concept of destiny while the majority who followed man’s khalifas bicker
amongst themselves on such substantive issues. Simple probability theory
dictates that such steadfastness and singlemindedness could not have
existed in Shia doctrine over 1,100 years without the presence of an
infallible guide protecting and illuminating the religion, as the Sun
illuminates the Earth from behind a cloud to cite a popularly quoted
analogy.
It is the duty of the believers to make their intentions pure and their
actions focussed in anticipation of the rise of the Imam (as), whether
that occurs in their lifetime or not, they must behave as if it will, and
if they do so they will be raised spiritually with the Imam (as) even if
they are dead when he rises.
This action will bring the day of his glorious rising closer, for he will
then have followers capable of receiving his guidance and acting as
instruments for him in his Mission. One reason for the ghaibat of the
Imam was the betrayal of the Khalifatullah by the muslims and in
particular the murder of the Eleven Khalifatullahs who preceded Imam
Mahdi (as), in the same way that Allah removed Imamat from Bani Israil.
However, in His Mercy Allah has not removed our Imam from us, and He has
made it easy for men who strive to use their intellect, defined in its
wider and Islamic terminology, to find him. And then the patient Imam
will rise and incept the rule that all Imams have strived for with their
patience. And may Allah hasten that day’s coming.
As a final point in this discussion it is worth considering the
marvellous nature of the lineage of the Khalifas of Allah and its
situation in our time. We mentioned earlier how the Imamat that was
conferred upon Ibrahim Khalilluah was monumental in the history of the
Imamat, incepting the beginning of the divide between the Khalifatullahs
descended from Ishaq (as) and later those from the lineage of Ishmael
(as), the Arabs.
But this divide reforms in great synchrony, and with the pre-eminence
being for the lineage from the Holy Prophet Mohammad (saws), himself
descended from Ishmael (as). For the last Khalifatullah, the great Imam
of the Time Imam Mahdi (as) fuses these two lineages that derive from
Ibrahim Khalilullah (as). On his father’s side Imam Mahdi (as) is
descended from the line of Ishmael (as), and he is thus an Arab, and from
his mother’s side he alone is uniquely descended amongst the Twelve Imams
from the line of Ishaq (as), for his blessed mother was a descendant of
Simon (as) the loyal apostle of Isa (as) and the inheritor of Isa (as),
for every Prophet has an inheritor, as Mohammad (saws) had Ali (as) and
as Musa (as) had Haroon (as).
And it shall be Isa (as) the descendant of Ibrahim (as)’s son Ishaq (as)
and Imam Mahdi (as) the descendant of Ibrahim Khalilullah’s son Ishmael
(as) who shall jointly under the Imamat of the Twefth Imam (as) who is
the Khalifatullah of this age, rise and destroy the Dajjal and the
Sufyani, systems of kuffar and hypocrisy who will worship the Devil and
man’s ego. These systems are already amongst the people of the world, and
the Imam’s rising is coming rapidly closer, may Allah hasten that day.
And thus the Khalifa of Allah will destroy the system of Shaitan, and
victory will come to the righteous, and the blood of Imam Husain (as),
the sacrifice of Mohammad (saws) who is the Seal of Prophets and the
greatest Khalifatullah, will be avenged in this earthly abode by the last
Khalifatullah, for as promised by the Almighty
“My righteous slaves will inherit the Earth.”

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